Source: dreamstime.com
Below is a partial list of musicians or bands that are named after or contain the name of cities, towns, states, or provinces. Please feel free to submit others. Enjoy!
Cities and Towns
- A Foot in Coldwater
- A Sunny Day in Glasgow
- Aberdeen
- Architecture in Helsinki
- Atlanta Rhythm Section
- Barcelona Traction
- Bay City Rollers
- Beirut
- Berlin
- Black Oak Arkansas (also qualifies under states)
- Blood Meridian
- Bombay Bicycle Club
- Boston
- Brainerd
- Brandon Paris Band
- Brooklyn Dreams (thanks, David!)
- Brooklyn Bridge
- Brownsville Station
- Buffalo Springfield – double city name
- Calexico
- Champaign (thanks, Simon!)
- Chelsea
- Cherbourg
- Chicago
- Chicago Loop (thanks, Simon!)
- Chilliwack
- Crash Vegas
- Credence Clearwater Revival (thanks, Karl!)
- Cypress Hill
- Danzig
- Death in Vegas
- Defiance Ohio (double qualifier too)
- John Denver
- Detroit Emeralds (thanks, Simon!)
- Dirty Vegas
- Dusty Springfield (thanks, Simon!)
- Edison Lighthouse
- Enon
- Fires of Rome
- Florida-Georgia Line (thanks, Andrew!)
- Forest City Lovers
- Fountains of Wayne
- Frankie Goes to Hollywood
- Gatineau
- Geneva
- Glasvegas
- Good Charlotte
- Gravenhurst
- Halifax
- Haloo Helsinki (thanks, Saara!)
- Herb Albert and the Tijuana Brass (thanks, David!)
- Hiroshima
- Hollywood Argyles (thanks, Simon!)
- Hollywood Rose
- Hollywood Vampires – added 6/5/22
- Hot Club de Paris
- I’m From Barcelona
- Kingston Trio
- Krakow (thanks. Silvia!)
- Jack London and the Sparrows
- L.A. Guns
- Leningrad Cowboys
- Londonbeat
- London Cowboys
- London Grammar
- Manassas
- Manchester Orchestra
- Manhattan Transfer
- Marseille
- Marseille Figs
- Melissa Manchester (thanks, David!)
- Memphis
- Metz
- Miami Sound Machine
- Minsk
- Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels
- Moscow Olympics
- Nashville Teens
- Nazareth
- New York Dolls
- Oak Ridge Boys (thanks, David!)
- Of Montreal
- Ohio Express (thanks, Simon!)
- Ohio Players (thanks, David!)
- Tony Orlando and Dawn
- Orleans
- Oslo Telescopic
- Ozark Mountain Daredevils (thanks, David!)
- Palm Springs
- Paris Angels
- Phoenix
- Phoenix Christ
- Portishead
- Project Orange
- Rick Springfield (thanks, Simon!)
- Riverside (thanks, Karl!)
- Spokane
- Telefon Tel Aviv
- The Dresden Dolls
- The Future Sound of London
- The United Steelworkers of Montreal
- Thelma Houston (thanks, David!)
- This Providence
- Tin Foil Phoenix
- Tokyo Police Club
- Toronto
- Toulouse
- Vallejo
- Warsaw
- Waxahatchie
- White Plains
- Whitney Houston
- Zebulon
States and Provinces
- Alabama
- Alaska!
- Rural Alberta Advantage
- Arizona
- Delaware
- Flo Rida
- Georgia Satellites
- Idaho
- Kansas
- Kentucky Headhunters
- Lost Dakotas
- Manitoba (now Caribou)
- Missouri
- Ohio Express
- Ohio Players
- Shallow North Dakota
- Tennessee Ernie Ford (thanks, Simon!)
- Texas
- Texas Tornadoes
- Yukon Blonde
SOURCES:
- http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080728154713AA0m1J5
- http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2011/07/24-bands-named-after-places.html
- http://rateyourmusic.com/list/jilo/cities_in_band_names/
problogic
Panethos 
How about bands named after continents like “Asia”, “Europe”, and “America” or after countries like “Boards of Canada”, “Egypt”, “Jets to Brazil”, “Jamaica”, and “Portugal. The Man”?
Or after major historical sites like “Angkor Wat”, “The Acropolis” and “Colossus” or more mundane city spaces like “Linkin Park (Lincoln is purposefully spelled wrong)?
Or how about fictional geographies like those named after places in Tolkien’s Middle Earth like “Amon Amarth” (Mount Doom), “Cirith Ungol” (the Tower that Sam rescued Frodo from), “Ephel Duath” (Mountain Range that makes up Mordor’s western and southern borders), and “Gorgoroth” (Barren wasteland in Mordor)?
Other city and state/province names missing from your list include: “Ramstein”, “The Manhattans”, “Reykjavik!, “Rural Alberta Advantage”, “What Made Milwaukee Famous”, “Tokio Hotel” (Tokyo is purposefully spelled wrong), and “Halloween, Alaska”.
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