Iconic ironmaking furnace stacks of stone

Beautiful Beckley Furnace (built with marble) in East Cannan, CT – Source: beckleyfurnace.org

The following list and accompanying photographs identify those iconic ironmaking blast furnace stacks that remain standing in the United States. Most of these monumental structures were built between the 1770s and 1880s. The quality of their construction (mostly with a cut stone exterior and a fire brick interior) is a testament to surviving time, wear, vandalism, neglect, and weather since being shut down. A number of others have been lovingly and painstakingly restored by local, state, and federal historic preservation organizations.

Source: artofwilderness.com

Reasons for iron furnaces being taken out of blast (shut down) ranged from depleted resources (both iron and/or timber); financial downturns and panics, both locally and nationally; and the development of new techniques for producing iron and steel products, such as the Bessemer process.

Source: Historic American Engineering Record

Any additions, suggestions, or corrections to the list below are most appreciated. The list does not include those furnace stacks that have been destroyed, removed, demolished, or have deteriorated into ruins as a simply a base or rubble. Sadly, there are many examples of stone iron furnace stacks that have been lost to time and history.

Note: NRHP = National Register of Historic Places

ALABAMA

Tannehill Iron Works, AL – Source: encyclopediaofalabama.org

• Brierfield Furnace (1861) – Brierfield Ironworks Historical State Park, Brierfield, AL: 36-foot tall stone stack – many bricks were taken from the site during WW II era – added to the NRHP in 1974
• Cornwall Furnace (1863) – Cornwall Furnace Memorial Park, Cedar Bluff, AL: stone – added to the NRHP in 1972
• Janney Furnace (1863) – Janney Furnace Park, Ohatchee, AL: 50-foot tall stone stack – added to NRHP in 1976
• Shelby Iron Works Furnace (1875 or 1889) – Shelby Iron Works Park, Shelby, AL: brick stack
• Tannehill Ironworks Furnace Stacks #1, #2, and #3 (1862) – Tannehill Historical State Park, McCalla, AL: three 30-foot tall stone stacks – added to NRHP in 1972 (see photo above)

CONNECTICUT

Roxbury Furnace, CT – Source: dreamstime.com

• Beckley Furnace (1847) – Beckley Furnace State Industrial Monument/Park, East Canaan, CT: 32-foot tall marble stack – added to the NRHP in 1978 – very well maintained (see photo at the top of the post)
• Kent Iron Furnace (1826) – Kent, CT – stone stack that has been restored and is in good condition – added to the NRHP in 1977
• Lime Rock Furnace #2 – Salisbury, CT: stone stack – appears from photos to be on private property, but is well-preserved
• Mount Riga Furnace (1810s) – Salisbury, CT: rock stack hat has been restored several times – iron for the USS Constitution produced here – added to he NRHP in 1994
• Roxbury Furnace (1867) – Mine Hill Preserve, Roxbury, CT: restored stone stack – well-preserved – added to the NRHP in 1979 (see photo above)

GEORGIA

Cooper’s Furnace, GA – Source: hikethesouth.com

• Bear Mountain (New Stack) Furnace (ca 1850) – stone stack
• Cooper’s Iron Works Furnace (1830s) – Etowah/Cartersville, GA: stone stack (see photo above)
• Donaldson (Shoal Creek) Furnace (ca 1860) – Cherokee County, GA: stone stack but in poor condition
• Lewis (Oak Grove) Iron Furnace (1847) – Bartow County, GA: stone stack
• Pool Furnace (1855) – stone stack
• Union (Diamond) Iron Furnace (1852) – Bartow County, GA: stone stack but in poor condition

ILLINOIS

Illinois Iron Furnace – Source: industrial scenery.blogspot.com

• Illinois Iron Furnace (ca 1838/ reconstructed in 1967) – Shawnee National Forest, Rosiclare, IL: 40-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1973 (see photo above)

KENTUCKY

Fitchburg Iron Furnaces, KY – Source: 30daysofkentuckyarcheaology.wordpress.com

• Belmont Furnace (1853) – Shepherdsville, KY: originally 33-foot tall stone stack – has deteriorated
• Boone Furnace (1857) – Grayson, KY: 40-foot tall stone stack
• Bourbon (Old Slate) Furnace (1791) – Owingsville, KY: 25-30 foot tall stone stack
• Buffalo Furnace (1851/2) – Greenbo State Park, KY: originally a 36-foot tall stall, but has significant deterioration
• Clear Creek (Bath) Furnace (1873) – Salt Lick, KY: stone stack
• Cottage Iron Furnace (1854) – Irvine, KY: 35-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1973
• Estill Furnace (1849) – Ravenna, KY: stone stack in deteriorated condition
• Fitchburg (Red River) Furnaces (1869) – Estill County, KY: two 60-foot tall stone stacks – added to the NRHP in 1974 and is owned and maintained by the US Forest Service (see photo above)
• Hunnewell Furnace – Hunnewell, KY: in poor condition
• Laurel Furnace (1849) – Old Town, KY: 39-foot tall stone stack
• Mount Savage Iron Furnace (1848) – Mt. Savage, KY: well-maintained roadside (KY 773) 31-foot tall stone stack
• New Hampshire Furnace (1846) – Lynn, KY: 35-foot tall stone stack
• Pine Grove Furnace– Greenup County, KY: 20-foot tall stone stack
• Raccoon Furnace (1833) – Greenup, KY: ruins that once featured a 35-foot tall stone stack – now covered in vegetation – roadside along US 23 ay KY 2
• Red River Iron Furnace(s) (1869) – 65-foot tall and 115-foot long structure with two stone stacks – Daniel Boone National Forest, Cobhill, KY: added to the NRHP in 1974 – very handsome structure
• Slate Furnace (1791) – Owingsville, KY: stone stack – first pig-iron furnace west of the Alleghenies

MAINE

Katahdin Furnace, ME – Source: dreamstime.com

• Katahdin Iron Works (1843) – Katahdin Iron Works State Historic Site, Brownville Junction, ME: stone stack (see photo above)

MARYLAND

Lonaconing Iron Furnace, MD – Source: commons.wikimedia.org

• Catoctin Furnace Stack #2 (1853) – Cunningham Falls State Park, Thurmont, MD: originally a 39-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1972
• Lonaconing Iron Furnace (1837) – Furnace Park, Lonaconing, MD: 50-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1973 (see photo above)
• Nassawango Iron Furnace (1830) – Furnace Town Historic Site, Snow Hill, MD: stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1975
• Principio Furnace Stack #3 (1836) – Perryville, MD – added to the NRHP in 1972 – stone stack was restored in 2015

MASSACHUSETTS

Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site, MA – Source: npplan.com

• Richmond Furnace (1829) – Richmond, MA: stone stack – added tot he NRHP in 1999
• Saugus Iron Works Furnace (1954) – Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site, Saugus, MA – reconstructed stone stack – National Historic Site – original furnace was completed in 1646 (see photo above)

MICHIGAN

Fayette Iron Furnaces, MI – Source: grouptourmagazine.com

• Bay Furnace (1869) – Bay Furnace Historic Site, Huron National Forest, Munising (Christmas), MI: stone stack – owned and maintained by the US Forest Service – excess vegetation should be removed
• Fayette Furnace Stacks #1 and #2 (1867) – Fayette State Park, Fairbanks Township, MI: added to the NRHP in 1970 – well maintained (see photo above)
• Frankfort (Elberta) Iron Works Furnace (1870) – Waterfront Park, Elberta, MI: stone stack – plans being developed to stabilize and preserve the site

MISSOURI

Moselle Iron Furnace, MO – Source: oldcovecanoe.com

• George Creswell Furnace (ca 1840) – Aptus, MO: added to the NRHP in 1988
• Moselle Iron Furnace (1849) – St. Clair, MO: 31-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1969 (see photo above)
• Ozark-Knotwell (Maramec) Iron Works Furnace (1873) – Meramec Springs Park, Newburg, MO: 40-foot sandstone stack – added to the NRHP in 1970
• Scotia Iron Furnace (1870) – Bourbon, MO: deteriorated limestone stack that was originally 40-feet tall – added to the NRHP in 1969

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Beast Iron Furnace, NH – Source: stayworkplay.org

• Besaw Iron Furnace (1805) – Fraconia, NH – 32-foot tall octagonal-shaped granite stack (see photo above)

NEW JERSEY

Oxford Furnace, NJ – Source: en.wikipedia.org

• Clinton Furnace (1826) – Newfoundland, West Milford, NJ: stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1976
• Long Pond Iron Works Furnace – Long Pond Iron Works State Park, West Milford, NJ: stone stack, but in poor condition
• Monmouth Furnace (1813) – Allaire, NJ : brick stack remains and is covered for protection
• Oxford Furnace #1 (1741) – Oxford, NJ: stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1977 – restored between 1997 and 2001 (see photo above)

NEW YORK

Shaparoon Furnace, NY – Source: landmarkhunter.com

• Beekman Furnace (1873) – Beekman, NY: stone stack ruin that’s largely in disrepair
• Clove Furnace (1854) – Arden, NY: 54-foot tall restored stone stack – located in the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area and home to the Orange County Historical Society – added to the NRHP
• Copake Furnace (1870s) – Copake Falls, NY: recently stabilized with a roofed covering for protection
• Dutchess County (White’s) Furnace (1881) – Dover Furnace, NY: ashlar stone stack
• Greenwood Furnace (1811) – Arden, NY: the stone stack is crumbling and in disrepair
• McIntyre (New) Furnace (1853) – Newcomb (Tahawus), NY: restored in 2007
• Shaparoon Furnace (1881) – Wingdale, NY: well-preserved stone stack (see photo above)
• Southfield Furnace (1804) – Southfields, NY: stone stack is in disrepair – added to the NRHP in 1973
• Sterling Furnace #2 (1848/rebuilt 1959) – Greenwood Lake, NY – stone stack – once protected by a doomed roof after being rebuilt, but only the columns remain

NORTH CAROLINA

Moratock Furnace, NC – Source: en.wikipedia.org

• Endor Iron Furnace (1862) – Sanford, NC: stone stack in disrepair and partially collapsed – added to the NRHP in 1974
• Moratock Iron Furnace (1843) – Danbury, PA: well-preserved 28-foot tall stone stack – added tot he NRHP in 1974 (see photo above)

OHIO

Buckeye Furnace, OH – Source: buckeyefurnacefriends.com

• Buckeye Furnace (1851) – Buckeye Furnace State Memorial, Wellston, OH: 34-foot tall stone stack (see photo above)
• Buckhorn Furnace (1836) – Decatur Township, Lawrence County, OH: originally a 32-foot tall stone stack, but only lower portions of the stone stack remain
• Cambria Furnace (1854) – originally a 30-foot tall stack, but is no longer that height due to deterioration
• Etna Furnace (1832) – Elizabeth Township, Lawrence County, OH: only the lower portions of the stone stack remains
• Hope Furnace (1854) – Lake Hope State Park, Hope, OH: added to the NRHP in 1973- stone stack that is somewhat covered with vegetation
• Hopewell (Poland) Furnace (1804) – Struthers, OH: originally had a 30-foot tall stone stack, but much of it is damaged
• Keystone Furnace (1848) – South of Jackson, OH: lots of overgrowth
• La Grange Furnace (1836) – north of Ironton in Upper Township, Lawrence County, OH: originally a 32-foot tall stone stack – lower half of the stone stack remains as the top has fallen in
• Limestone Furnace (1855) – 39-foot tall limestone stack
• Lincoln (Cornelia) Furnace (1855) – east of Jackson, OH: originally a 38-foot tall stone stack, but only the lower portions of this remain
• Madison Furnace (1854) – Cooper Hollow Park, OH: 36-foot tall stone stack
• Mt. Olive (Olive) Furnace (1846) – Pedro, OH: 38-foot tall stone stack when built – lower portion remains with restoration efforts planned – located along OH 93 – added to the NRHP in 2007
• Oak Ridge Furnace (1856) – Aid, OH: 44-foot tall stone stack
• Pioneer Furnace (1857) – originally a 45-foot tall stone stack, but the front of the furnace has collapsed
• Richland Furnace (1854) – Hambden, OH – deteriorated, but still standing
• Vesuvius Furnace (1833/6) – Vesuvius Recreation Area, Elizabeth Township, Lawrence County, OH: 31-foot tall stone stack – now owned by the USFS – roof added over the stone and brick to protect the structure in 1991
• Washington Furnace (1853) – Washington Township, Lawrence County, OH: originally a 32-foot tall stone stack, but lower portion of the stone stack is all that remains

OREGON

Oswego Furnace, OR – Source: oregonhikers.org

• Oswego Furnace (1866) – Lake Oswego, OR: 32-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1974 – stabilization and restoration of the tack was completed in 2010 -located along the Oswego Iron Heritage Trail (see photo above)

PENNSYLVANIA

Joanna Furnace, PA – Source: haycreek.org

• Allegheny Furnace (1811) – Altoona, PA: 30-foot tall restored (1939) stone stack – added toe NRHP in 1991
• Baldwin Furnace (1810) – St. Clair Township, Westmoreland County, PA: stone stack in need of repair and stabilization
• Brady’s Bend Iron Works (1842) – Brady’s Bend, PA: stone stack, but overgrown with vegetation and deteriorated – added to the NRHP in 1979
• Buchanan Furnace (1844) – Callensburg, PA: 33-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991
• Buena Vista Furnace (1847) – Brush Valley Township, PA – 30-foot tall stone stack located along the Ghost Town Trail
• Caledonia Furnace (1837) – Caledonia State Park, PA – destroyed during the Civil War and rebuilt afterwards – the stone stack furnace was reconstructed in the 1930s after collapsing
• Carlisle Furnace (1845) – Boiling Springs, PA: 30-foot tall limestone stack – added to the NRHP in 1984
• Carrick Furnace (1828) – Metal Township, PA: 30-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991 – roadside on PA 75
• Centre Furnace (1792) – State College, PA: site with adjacent mansion added to the NRHP in 1979
• Codorus Furnace Complex (1836) – Hellam Township, York County, PA: 30-foot tall stone stack – furnace is owned by the Conservation Society of York County – added to the NRHP in 1991
• Cornwall Iron Furnace (1742) – Cornwall Furnace State Historic Site, Cornwall, PA: 30-foot tall sandstone stack – added to the NRHP and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966
• Eagle Furnace (1846) – Callensburg, PA: stone stack in disrepair
• Eagle Iron Works Pleasant Furnace (1820) – Boggs Township, Centre County,PA: reconstructed in the 1970s
• Eliza Furnace (1846) – Vintondale PA: well-preserved 32-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991 – owned by the Cambria County Historical Society
• Farrandsville Iron Furnace (1837) – Farrandsville, PA: 54-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991
• Fayette (Bucks Run) Furnace (1815 or 1827) – Normalville, PA: stone stack
• Fountain Furnace (1812) – originally a 32-foot tall stone stack, but the rear portion has disintegrated
• Franklin Furnace (1828) – St. Thomas Township, Franklin County, PA: 30-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991
• Greenwood Furnace Stack #1 (ca 1834) – Greenwood Furnace State Park, PA, Huntingdon, PA: ruins of the stone stack with lower portion still standing
• Greenwood Furnace Stack #2 (1867) – Greenwood Furnace State Park, PA, Huntingdon, PA: 30-foot tall stone stack – restored in 1936 when the site was designated a state park
• Halls Run Furnace (1840) – Cranberry, PA: stone stack
• Helen (Highland) Furnace (1845) – Lucinda, PA: 32-foot tall stone stack – well-preserved
• Hopewell Furnace (1771) – Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Elverson, PA: 30-foot tall stone stack – national historic site established in 1938
• Hopewell Anthracite Furnace – Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Elverson, PA: national historic site established in 1938 – only partial remains of the stone stack
• Horse Creek Furnace (1836) – Oil City, PA: stone stack in some disrepair
• Jackson Furnace (1833) – Van, PA: stone stack – heavy underbrush and overgrowth
• Joanna Furnace Complex (1791) – Geigertown, PA: originally a 30-foot tall stone stack that was increased to 45-feet in 1889 – added to the NRHP in 1980 – restoration has been taking place since completion of the 1995 Master Plan (see photo above)
• Karthaus Furnace (1836) – Clearfield County, PA: stone stack along PA 879 – retired in 1969, but has since partially collapsed
• Laurel Hill Furnace (1846) – New Florence, PA: stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1975 – owned by the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy
• Lock Ridge Furnace Complex (1868) – Alburtis, PA – stone stacks with #7 being best preserved – added to the NRHP in 1981
• Mount Vernon Furnace (1798/1801) – Mount Vernon Park, Scottdale, PA: restored (post 2003) stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991 – owned and restored by the Bullskin Township Historical Society
• Paradise Furnace (1827) – Trough Creek state Park, PA
• Pine Grove Furnace (1764) – Pine Grove Furnace State Park, Gardners, PA: added to the NRHP in 1977
• Rockland Furnace (1832) – Kenderville/Wood Hill, PA: 25-foot tall stone stack that’s in fair shape per photos – added to the NRHP in 1991
• Ross Furnace (1842) – West Fairfield, Westmoreland County, PA: 30-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991
• St. Charles Furnace (1854) – Columbia, PA – stone stack in disrepair
• Scranton (Lackawanna) Iron Works Furnaces #1, #2, #3, and #4 (1848 for #1/1849 for #2/1852 for #3/1857 for #4) – Scranton, PA: four 40 foot tall stone stacks – part of the Pennsylvania Anthracite Heritage Museum – added to the NRHP in 1991
• Springfield Furnace (1815) – Royer, PA: motley standing, but crumbling and in disrepair
• Swatara Furnace (1830) – Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County, PA: 22-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991
• Valley (Orleans) Furnace (1848) – Venango County, PA: round stone stack
• Valley Furnace (1850) – Ligonier, PA: stone stack
• Washington Furnace (1846) – Mechanicsville, PA – stone stack in poor condition
• Washington Furnace (1809) – Laughlintown, PA – crumbling stone stack
• Wellersburg Iron Furnace (1855) – Wellersburg, PA: interior fire brick portions only remain
• Wharton Iron Furnace (1837) – Forbes State Forest, Farmington, PA: 31-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1991

SOUTH CAROLINA

Remains of Cowpens Iron Furnace, SC – Source: wikiwand.com

• Cowpens Furnace (1834) – Cherokee County, SC: remaining portions of the stone stack are more than 20-feet tall – added to the NRHP in 1987 (see photo above)
• Ellen Furnace (1838) – Cherokee County, SC: partially collapsed stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1987
• King’s Creek Furnace (1838) – Cherokee County, SC – partially collapsed stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1987

TENNESSEE

Great Western Furnace, TN – Source: pinterest.com

• Bear Springs Iron Furnace (1873) – Bear Springs, TN: limestone stack – added to the NRHP in 1988
• Bellwood Furnace – Bumpus Mills, TN: stone ruins with one corner of the stack remaining – added to the NRHP in 1988
• Brownsport Iron Furnace (1848) – Brownsport, TN: stone stack ruins in degraded condition, though much of the inner fire brick remain in place – added to the NRHP in 1977
• Cedar Grove Iron Furnace #1 and #2 (1834) – Linden, TN: 30-foot tall stone stacks – added to the NRHP in 1973 – owned by Perry County
• Great Western Furnace (1854) – Bumpus Mills, TN: 40-foot tall well-preserved limestone stack – added to the NRHP in 1975 (see photo above)
• Newly Iron Furnace (1835) – Cumberland Gap, TN: 35-foot tall limestone stack

UTAH

Little Pinto Furnace, UT – Source: en.wikipedia.org

• Little Pinto (Iron City) Furnace (1868) – Old Irontown, UT: brick furnace stack remains standing – added to the NRHP in 1971

VERMONT

Forest Dale Iron Works, VT – Source: pinterest.se

• Forest Dale Iron Works Furnace (1824) – Forest Dale Iron Works State Historic Site, Brandon, VT: 60-foot tall stone stack – stabilized and restored in 1995 and a roof was added to protect the stack from the elements – added tot he NRHP in 1974 (see photo above)
• Furnace Grove East Furnace (ca 1822) – Bennington, VT: originally a 40-foot tall stone stack, though it has partially collapsed and deteriorated – added to the NRHP in 1997
• Furnace Grove West Furnace (1827) – Bennington, VT: originally a 40-foot tall stone stack that has deteriorated to 35-feet in height – added to the NRHP in 1997

VIRGINIA

Foster Falls Furnace, VA – Source: dnr.virginai.gov

• Callie Furnace (1873) – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Clifton Forge, VA: 33-foot tall stone stack with an addition six-foot tall iron stack on top – added to the NRHP in 1974
• Catherine Furnace (1836) – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Newport, VA: 32-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1974
• Catawba Furnace (1861) – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Fincastle, VA: round stone furnace – added to the NRHP in 1999 – portions collapsed in the 1930s following vandalism
• Foster Falls Furnace (1881) – Max Meadows, VA: added to the NRHP in 1999 – located in the New River Trail State Park and appears to be well preserved (see photo above)
• Glenwood (Cassandra) Furnace (1849) – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Natural Bridge, VA: 33-foot tall limestone stack – added to the NRHP in 1999
• Raven Cliff Furnace – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Cripple Creek, VA: 29-foot tall limestone and sandstone stack – added to the NRHP in 1996
• Roaring Run Furnace (1832) – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Eagle Rock, VA – added to the NRHP in 1983
• Mt. Torry (Virginia) Furnace (1804) – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Sherando, VA: 35-40 foot tall stone stack – two sides having collapsed – added to the NRHP in 1974
• Van Buren (King) Furnace (1873) – Washington & Jefferson National Forest, Woodstock, VA: originally a 40-foot tall stone stack, but now closer to 30-feet – added to the NRHP in 1999
• Washington Iron Furnace (ca 1770) – Rocky Mount, VA: 30-foot tall stone stack -added to the NRHP in 1973 – appears to be well preserved

WEST VIRGINIA

Bloomery Iron Furnace, WV – Source: en.wikipeida.org

• Bloomery Iron Furnace (1844) – Bloomery, WV: 40-foot tall stone stack (see photo above)
• Henry Clay Furnace (1836) – Cooper’s Rock State Forest, Masontown, WV: 30-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1970
• Peter Tarr Furnace (1968 replica) – Weirton, WV: circular stone stack – roadside along Kings Creek Road – the site was added to the NRHP in 1976
• Virginia (Muddy Creek) Furnace – Albright, WV: 30-foot tall stone stack – added to the NRHP in 1999 – located in a roadside park

_______

If this topic interests you as much as it does me, here are a few resources available though Amazon.com.*

http://

http://

http://

*A small commission is earned from purchases that are made using these links to Amazon. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

SOURCES:

• https://vacationsalabama.com/attractions/historic-iron-furnaces/
• http://www.tannehill.org/museum.html
• http://www.janneyfurnace.org
• http://www.brierfieldironworks.org
• https://www.ccparkboard.com/parks/cornwall-furnace/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannehill_Ironworks
• https://loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=Drawing:%20al1170&fi=number&op=PHRASE&va=exact&co%20=hh&st=gallery&sg%20=%20true
• https://loc.gov/pictures/item/al1170/
• http://roadsidegeorgia.com/site/cooperiron.html
• https://www.shelbycountyhistory.com/shelby-iron-works-park
• https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/StateParks/FindAPark/PineGroveFurnaceStatePark/Pages/default.aspx
• http://www.irontonfurnaces.com/histolive.htm
• http://www.irontonfurnaces.com/etna.htm
• http://www.irontonfurnaces.com/buckhorn.htm
• http://www.irontonfurnaces.com/vesuvius.htm
• http://www.irontonfurnaces.com/washing.htm
• http://www.irontonfurnaces.com/lagrange.htm
• http://www.oldindustry.org/KY_HTML/KyIron.html
• http://www.mainerec.com/katahdin.asp?Category=204&PageNum=204
• https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/katahdin-iron-works
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katahdin_Iron_Works
• https://njskylands.com/hslongpond
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Iron_Furnace
• http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/pdfs/200772.pdf
• https://beckleyfurnace.org/about/history-beckley-furnace/
• http://www.betweenthelakes.com/iron/beckley_chronology.htm
• https://housatonicheritage.org/heritage-programs/iron-heritage-trail/
• https://www.be-roberts.com/se/ruins-index.htm
• https://www.be-roberts.com/se/ruins/lewis/lewis.htm
• https://www.be-roberts.com/se/ruins/pool/pool.htm
• https://www.be-roberts.com/se/ruins/guth/bear.htm
• https://www.be-roberts.com/se/ruins/union/union.htm
• https://www.be-roberts.com/se/ruins/donal/donal.htm
• https://blogs.reinhardt.edu/history/iron-furnaces-of-the-etowah-valley/
• https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-341.pdf
• https://www.nps.gov/cato/learn/historyculture/furnace.htm
• http://web8.cc/ironfurnace/
• https://mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?NRID=71&COUNTY=Frederick&FROM=NRCountyList.aspx
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principio_Furnace
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_Furnace,_Michigan
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_Historic_State_Park
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Furnace,_New_Jersey
• https://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/Warren.pdf
• http://www.franconianh.org/iron-furnace.html
• https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/oswego_iron_furnace/#.X6wqwC2ZNQI
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Iron_Company_Furnace
• https://www.centrehistory.org/exhibits/the-centre-furnace-story/
• https://www.curtinvillage.com/workers-village.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrandsville_Iron_Furnace
• https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/77001158
• https://www.purplelizard.com/blogs/news/explore-wharton-furnace-in-forbes-state-forest-pa
• https://korns.org/misc/WIF-2007/WIF-2007.html
• https://www.interestingpennsylvania.com/2018/10/wharton-furnace-nicely-restored-iron.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton_Furnace
• http://www.tnironfurnacetrail.org/MTSU%20Web%20Page.htm
• https://www.cornwallironfurnace.org
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwall_Iron_Furnace
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood_Furnace_State_Park
• https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/StateParks/FindAPark/GreenwoodFurnaceStatePark/Pages/History.aspx
• http://www.friendsofgreenwoodparks.org/home/greenwood_furnace
• https://www.nps.gov/hofu/learn/historyculture/index.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_Furnace_National_Historic_Site
• http://www.friendsofhopewellfurn.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/2016-Mar-25-Priority-Resources-in-HBW.pdf
• https://haycreek.org/joanna-furnace/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_Furnace_Complex
• http://www.oldindustry.org/PA_HTML/Pa_Joanna.html
• http://www.anthracitemuseum.org/explore/iron-furnaces/
• http://www.oldindustry.org/PA_HTML/Pa_Scranton.html
• http://www.historichampshire.org/industry/iron.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Furnace
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Furnace
• http://www.oldindustry.org
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southfield_Furnace_Ruin
• https://www.hudsonrivervalley.com/sites/Clove-Furnace-/details
• https://scenesfromthetrail.com/2017/11/26/clove-furnace-historic-site/
• http://www.orangecountyhistoricalsociety.org/CloveFurnace_p3.html
• https://www.centrehistory.org/about-us/facilities/
• https://abandonedonline.net/location/pig-iron-furnaces/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Furnace
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Iron_Furnace
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/SlideShows/Foster%20Falls/FosterFallsSlide7.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster_Falls_Historic_District
• https://landmarkhunter.com/category/furnace/
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/47722280
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/123849755
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71993967
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71994066
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71992963
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71992774
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71992496
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71994113
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71992965
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71993832
• https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71992422
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozark_Iron_Furnace_Stack
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotia_Iron_Furnace_Stack
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moselle_Iron_Furnace_Stack
• https://tennesseerivervalleygeotourism.org/entries/brownsport-iron-furnace/e7b66aff-365c-4fc6-b952-19ce1c97dc54
• https://www.tnvacation.com/local/linden-cedar-creek-iron-furnace
• https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/wm8WD_Brownsport_Furnace
• https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=63127
• https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/73001814
• https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/19455fda-eea3-4d1b-b5ad-4588239014ad/
• https://gis.penndot.gov/CRGISAttachments/SiteResource/H050636_01H.pdf
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpens_Furnace_Site_(38CK73)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Furnace_Site_(38CK68)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Creek_Furnace_Site_(38CK71)
• https://historicsites.vermont.gov/forest-dale
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Dale_Iron_Furnace
• http://www.uvm.edu/histpres/HPJ/NR/bennington/4wfurn.html
• http://www.uvm.edu/histpres/HPJ/NR/bennington/2efurn.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnace_Grove_Historic_District
• https://web.archive.org/web/20130813152608/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Botetourt/011-0065_Callie_Furnace_1974_Final_Nomination.pdf
• https://web.archive.org/web/20130813165751/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Franklin/157-0029_Washington_Iron_Furnace_1973_Final_Nomination.pdf
• https://www.nps.gov/sair/learn/historyculture/blast-furnace.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saugus_Iron_Works_National_Historic_Site
• http://www.oldindustry.org/KY_HTML/Laurel_Nora_Stark_Kelley.pdf
• http://www.oldindustry.org/PA_HTML/Pa_PGroveStory.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Hill_Furnace
• https://www.indianacountyparks.org/parks/buena_vista_furnace/default.aspx
• 2746-Article Text-2592-1-10-20121002.pdf
• https://unchartedlancaster.com/2020/01/14/some-like-it-hot-step-inside-the-cold-heart-of-columbias-st-charles-furnace/
• https://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-2A9
• https://susquehannavalley.blogspot.com/2019/10/karthaus-iron-furnace.html
• http://uniontownlib.org/iron-fayette/
• https://www.roxburylandtrust.org/preserves/mine-hill/
• https://www.njpinebarrens.com/a-listing-of-the-forges-and-furnaces-of-south-jersey/
• https://www.thehistorygirl.com/2014/04/company-town-allaire-village-nj.html
• http://www.mountsavagehistoricalsociety.org/Hide/furnace%20construction/building%20a%20furnace.htm
• https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/71000843_text
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irontown,_Utah
• https://www.thederrick.com/free/clarion-countys-iron-age-stacks-up-with-best-of-them/article_98637e2e-8a74-575f-8136-07310d39cfed.html
• https://www.adirondackalmanack.com/2011/06/philip-terrie-the-tahawus-blast-furnace-ruins.html
• https://www.openspaceinstitute.org/news/osi-announces-million-dollar-plan-to-improve-its-tahawus-property-in-the-adirondacks
• https://tennesseerivervalleygeotourism.org/entries/cedar-grove-iron-furnace/54e0b87d-78b0-4372-bc94-9192f2d6bebf
• http://www.tnironfurnacetrail.org/Counties/Perry%20County.html
• http://www.oldeforester.com/Hope.htm
• https://www.pinterest.com/pin/336362665899679306/
• https://www.brownstoner.com/upstate/upstate-new-york-homes-for-sale-dutchess-county-247-dover-furnace-road-acreage/
• https://www.virginia.org/listings/HistoricSites/RoaringRunFurnace
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaring_Run_Furnace
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradys_Bend_Iron_Company_Furnaces
• https://thelibrary.org/lochist/periodicals/bittersweet/wi77h.htm
• https://www.gettysburgdaily.com/thaddeus-stevens-ironworks-part-1-with-licensed-battlefield-guide-dave-weaver/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonia_State_Park
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/098-0214/
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/098-0214_Raven_Cliff_Furnace_1996_DRAFT_Nomination.pdf
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/085-0051_Van_Buren_Furnace_1999_NRHP_Draft.pdf
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/011-0040_Catawba_Furnace_1999_Draft_Nomination.pdf
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/081-0104_Glenwood_Furnace_1999_Draft_Nomination.pdf
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/007-0871_Mount_Torry_Furnace_1996_DRAFT_nomination.pdf
• https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/085-0051_Van_Buren_Furnace_1999_NRHP_Draft.pdf
• https://bullittcountyhistory.org/bchistory/ironfurnaces.html
• https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=144394